Pillar one · Agent systems6 essays
Production AI Agents
Field-tested patterns for building, deploying, and operating agents beyond the demo stage.
Writing · Field notes
The systems behind useful AI, examined in public.
26 essays organized around production agents, reliable infrastructure, data systems, and a shelf of useful detours.
Pillar two · Operations7 essays
Infrastructure & Reliability
Deployment, observability, cost control, self-hosting, and the unglamorous systems that keep products alive.
Pillar three · Applied systems9 essays
Data Systems & Applied AI
Databases, machine learning, benchmarks, and domain research grounded in real implementation details.
The side shelf · Wider interests4 essays
Ideas & Archive
Economics, hardware, and older essays kept accessible without diluting the publication’s main focus.
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Featured essays
Cutting MCP Token Costs: Search vs. Programmatic Tool Invocation
Explore how to slash token usage in Model Context Protocol (MCP) by leveraging on‑demand tool search or programmatic orchestration, with concrete examples from Claude and Cloudflare’s Code Mode.
Self-Hosting Photos with Immich: An Architectural Deep Dive
A deep dive into self-hosting your photos and videos with Immich, exploring its architecture, features like semantic search and facial recognition, and backup strategies.
Pandas vs Polars vs DuckDB - Performance Showdown on Flight Data
A comprehensive performance comparison between Pandas, Polars, and DuckDB using a large flight delay dataset. Discover which library reigns supreme for data analytics.
Barriers, Giants, and Imaging Wars: The Competitive Moats of Medical Imaging
Exploring barriers, giants, and imaging wars: the competitive moats of medical imaging
All writing
The complete archive
26 essays in the archive
2026
Top Talent: The OpenAI Database Story
An analysis of OpenAI's database scaling and the CMU talent pipeline behind it.
Cutting MCP Token Costs: Search vs. Programmatic Tool Invocation
Explore how to slash token usage in Model Context Protocol (MCP) by leveraging on‑demand tool search or programmatic orchestration, with concrete examples from Claude and Cloudflare’s Code Mode.
NVIDIA Rubin: Six‑Chip AI Supercomputer and 10× Inference Token Cost Savings
Explore NVIDIA’s Rubin platform – a six‑chip rack‑scale supercomputer, its 10× lower inference token cost, and the observability tools that make large‑scale AI reliable.
Agent‑Browser: A Lightweight Headless‑Browser CLI for AI Agents
A quick guide to installing and using agent‑browser, a fast Rust‑based headless‑browser CLI that lets AI agents control Chromium from the terminal.
2025
Creating User-Scoped Artifacts in Google ADK
Learn how to create user-scoped artifacts in Google ADK that persist across sessions, enabling better file management and user experience in AI agents.
Why I’m Building open-services-agent-starter-pack (Google ADK, without the cloud lock-in)
After building with LangGraph and Google ADK, I prefer ADK’s developer experience—but many core services assume Vertex AI. This WIP starter pack is my attempt to make ADK feel ‘first-class’ on non-GCP infrastructure.
Self-Hosting Photos with Immich: An Architectural Deep Dive
A deep dive into self-hosting your photos and videos with Immich, exploring its architecture, features like semantic search and facial recognition, and backup strategies.
HP Pavilion Battery Issues
A personal story about troubleshooting a persistent battery drain issue on an old HP Pavilion laptop, diving into hardware upgrades and OS diagnostics.
Architecting an Analytics Backend
This blog post details the architectural decisions and philosophies behind building a robust backend system for a startup, focusing on FastAPI, PostgreSQL, and advanced SQL techniques.
Architecting a Retention & Growth Platform Backend
This blog post details the architectural decisions and philosophies behind building a robust backend system for a retention and growth platform startup, focusing on FastAPI, PostgreSQL, and a modular design.
Maximizing the BigQuery Free Tier: A Complete Cost Control Guide
Learn how to maximize Google BigQuery's free tier while avoiding unexpected costs. Discover smart querying strategies, data modeling techniques, and essential cost control measures.
Pandas vs Polars vs DuckDB - Performance Showdown on Flight Data
A comprehensive performance comparison between Pandas, Polars, and DuckDB using a large flight delay dataset. Discover which library reigns supreme for data analytics.
OpenAI Just Dropped a Bombshell: Meet gpt-oss, Their New Open-Weight Models
OpenAI has released gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b as open-weight models under Apache 2.0 license. Discover their impressive benchmarks, efficient MoE architecture, and how they compare to proprietary models.
A Deployment Story: Taking a FastAPI AI Chatbot Live on DigitalOcean
How to deploy your fastapi application to Digital Ocean Droplet
Internals of the LangGraph Postgres Checkpointer (AsyncPostgresSaver)
An in-depth developer's guide to LangGraph's PostgreSQL checkpointer, its schema, and practical strategies for high-performance state management in LLM applications.
Fine-Tuning Phi-3 Mini for Coronary Artery Disease Prediction
Learn how to fine-tune Microsoft's Phi-3-mini model for heart disease prediction using LoRA and quantization techniques. A complete guide from setup to deployment.
How to Build and Deploy a LangGraph Chatbot with FastAPI - Complete Guide (Part 1)
A comprehensive guide showing how to create a stateless chatbot using LangGraph and deploy it as a production-ready API using FastAPI
LangGraph Core Concepts: A Simple Explainer
A short and concise explanation of the core concepts of LangGraph. It is designed to be easily understandable for anyone new to the framework.
Meet Kimi K2 – A Chill Intro to Agentic AI
Discover Kimi K2, the cutting-edge agentic AI model with 1 trillion parameters. Learn about its tool-using capabilities, impressive benchmarks, and how to integrate it into your projects today.
How to Add Supabase OAuth to FastAPI
A comprehensive guide on integrating Supabase OAuth with FastAPI for secure social logins using GitHub, Google, and other providers.
2024
Barriers, Giants, and Imaging Wars: The Competitive Moats of Medical Imaging
Exploring barriers, giants, and imaging wars: the competitive moats of medical imaging
Essays on Banking: Is Arm’s-Length Debt Always a Good Option for Your Business?
Exploring essays on banking: is debt at arms-length always a good option for your business?
Transforming Clinical Trials: Adaptive Approaches for Better Patient Outcomes
Exploring transforming clinical trials: adaptive approaches for better patient outcomes
On Singular Value Decomposition and Its Use in Recommendation Systems
Exploring on singular value decomposition and it's use in recommendation systems
2021
Economics of Savage Weddings
Exploring economics of savage weddings
Irrational to Rational
Exploring irrational to rational